Consider defining a bean of type in your configuration

In this post, we will see how to fix the ‘Consider defining a bean of type in your configuration’ exception. You may encounter this exception while the server starts up if you are trying to use @autowire annotation with some class/interface and spring has not created a bean for that class/interface. In most cases, if our project is divided into different modules then spring doesn’t find some classes and It doesn’t create a bean for that in that case, we face this error.

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Consider we have below package structure.

How to fix ‘Consider defining a bean of type in your configuration’ error.

1. We may not have been using @Service, @Repository, or @Component annotation with appropriate classes. We need to use @Service annotation with ServiceImpl class(not with interface) and @Repository annotation with Repository interface.

StudentService.java

public interface StudentService {

    public Student save(Student student);
    public Student update(Student student);
    public Student get(Long id);
    public void delete(Student student);
}

StudentServiceimpl.java – Wee need to use @Service annotation with serviceimpl class.

@Service
public class StudentServiceImpl implements StudentService {

    @Autowired
    private StudentRepository studentRepository;
   
   //some more code
}

Define repository interface using @Repository annotations.

@Repository
public interface StudentRepository extends JpaRepository<Student, Serializable> {

}

2. If we are using Spring Data JPA, we need to use @EnableJpaRepositoriesannotation and provide the package name using ‘basePackages’ attribute, so that spring will be able to find the repository interface. If we don’t use @EnableJpaRepositories annotation Spring will not be able to find repositories classes.

package com.javatute.repository;
@Repository
public interface StudentRepository extends JpaRepository<Student, Serializable> {

}

Use @EnableJpaRepository annotation properly

@Configuration
@EnableJpaRepositories(basePackages = "com.javatute.repository")
public class JpaConfig {

}

Note – We can also use this use with the main class where we have defined main() method.

@SpringBootApplication
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.javatute.*")
@EntityScan("com.javatute.*")
@EnableJpaRepositories(basePackages = "com.javatute.repository")
public class SpringMain {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SpringMain.class, args);
    }
}

If we don’t use @EnableJpaRepositories annotation and don’t provide ‘basePackages’ attribute, spring will not be able to find repositories and it will throw “Consider defining a bean of type ‘com.javatute.repository.StudentRepository’ in your configuration error”.

Note – @EntityScan annotation is used to scan packages where we have entities. If we have entities in different packages and we don’t use @EntityScan annotation, we will end up with Not a managed type error.

3. Make sure we are using @ComponentScan annotation properly.

@SpringBootApplication
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.javatute.*")
@EntityScan("com.javatute.*")
@EnableJpaRepositories(basePackages = "com.javatute.repository")
public class SpringMain {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SpringMain.class, args);
    }
}

4. If you have a separate configuration file, don’t forget to use the @Configuration annotation.

@Configuration
@EnableJpaRepositories(basePackages = "com.javatute.repository")
public class JpaConfig {

}

5. We can define bean using @Bean annotation manually and use that. In this approach, you can create a bean of any class. For example we are going to create studentService bean.

@Configuration
@EnableJpaRepositories(basePackages = "com.javatute.repository")
public class JpaConfig {

    @Bean("studentService")
    public StudentService studentService(){
        return new StudentServiceImpl();
    }

}

Now, even if we don’t use @Service annotation with our serviceimpl class, our application should be up and running.

Note – This is not recommended. Suppose we have 100 of serviceimpl then we need to define 100 bean using @Bean.

6. Make sure we have proper spring data jpa dependency in pom.xml.

    <dependency>
       <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
    </dependency>

7. Use @Configuration annotation with your configuration file.

@Configuration
@EnableJpaRepositories(basePackages = "com.javatute.repository")
public class JpaConfig {

}

Let’s see the complete working example that will not throw “Consider defining a bean of type in your configuration error”.

Define entity Student.java

package com.javatute.entity;

import java.io.Serializable;

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;

@Entity
public class Student implements Serializable {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
    private Long id;

    @Column(name = "name")
    private String name;

    @Column(name = "roll_number")
    private String rollNumber;

    @Column(name = "university")
    private String university;

    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getRollNumber() {
        return rollNumber;
    }

    public void setRollNumber(String rollNumber) {
        this.rollNumber = rollNumber;
    }

    public String getUniversity() {
        return university;
    }

    public void setUniversity(String university) {
        this.university = university;
    }

}

Define repository interface

package com.javatute.repository;

import com.javatute.entity.Student;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import java.io.Serializable;

@Repository
public interface StudentRepository extends JpaRepository<Student, Serializable> {

}

StudentService.java

package com.javatute.service;

import com.javatute.entity.Student;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public interface StudentService {

    public Student save(Student student);

    public Student update(Student student);

    public Student get(Long id);

    public void delete(Student student);
}

JpaConfig.java

package com.javatute.config;

import com.javatute.service.StudentService;
import com.javatute.serviceimpl.StudentServiceImpl;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.config.EnableJpaRepositories;

@Configuration
@EnableJpaRepositories(basePackages = "com.javatute.repository")
public class JpaConfig {

}

StudentServiceImpl.java

package com.javatute.serviceimpl;

import com.javatute.entity.Student;
import com.javatute.repository.StudentRepository;
import com.javatute.service.StudentService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

import java.util.Optional;

@Service
public class StudentServiceImpl implements StudentService {

    @Autowired
    private StudentRepository studentRepository;

    @Transactional
    public Student save(Student student) {
        Student createResponse = studentRepository.save(student);
        return createResponse;
    }

    @Transactional
    public Student update(Student student) {
        Student updateResponse = studentRepository.save(student);
        return updateResponse;
    }

    @Transactional
    public Student get(Long id) {
        Optional<Student> response = studentRepository.findById(id);
        Student getResponse = response.get();
        return getResponse;
    }

    @Transactional
    public void delete(Student student) {
        studentRepository.delete(student);
    }
}

Define Controller class

package com.javatute.controller;

import com.javatute.entity.Student;
import com.javatute.repository.StudentRepository;
import com.javatute.service.StudentService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import java.util.List;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/student")
public class StudentController {

    @Autowired
    private StudentService studentService;

    @Autowired
    private StudentRepository studentRepository;

    @PostMapping("/create")
    public Student createStudent1(@RequestBody Student student) {
        Student createResponse = studentService.save(student);
        return createResponse;
    }

	@PutMapping("/update")
	public Student updateStudent(@RequestBody Student student) {
		Student updateResponse = studentService.update(student);
		return updateResponse;
	}

	@GetMapping("/{id}")
	public Student getStudent(@PathVariable Long id) {
		Student getReponse = studentService.get(id);
		return getReponse;
	}

	@DeleteMapping("/delete")
	public String deleteStudent(@RequestBody Student student) {
		studentService.delete(student);
		return "Record deleted succesfully";
	}


}

SpringMain.java

package com.javatute.main;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.domain.EntityScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.config.EnableJpaRepositories;

@SpringBootApplication
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.javatute.*")
@EntityScan("com.javatute.*")
public class SpringMain {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SpringMain.class, args);
    }
}

With the above code changes our application should be up and running.

That’s all about Consider defining a bean of type in your configuration error.

Summary – Let’s summarise the points.

1. Use @Service and @Repository annotation with appropriate classes.
2. Use @EnableJpaRepositories(basePackages = “com.javatute.repository”) annotation properly with configuration file.
3. Use @ComponentScan(basePackages = “com.javatute.*”) annotation.
4. If the still issue persists, try to create a bean manually using the @Bean annotation in the configuration file.
5. Make sure we have proper spring data jpa dependency.

Download code from Git.

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